1. Introduction: structure of the Universe and its main components.
2. Properties of matter under different physical conditions. Matter at high pressure.
Ionization of atoms by pressure. Degenerate matter. The ideal gas. Neutronization
of atomic nuclei and their decay at high densities. Matter at nuclear densities.
Matter at high temperatures. Matter in a strong magnetic field. Quark matter.
3. The virial theorem for self-gravitating systems, i.e., stars, clusters of stars,
galaxies and clusters of galaxies. Binding energy and heat capacity of self-gravitating systems.
4. Jeans instability and formation of stars.
5. Stellar structure. Polytropes.
6. Non-degenerate stars. Nuclear energy sources. Gammov peak.
Energy transport inside the stars. Stellar evolution. The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.
7. Degenerate stars: white dwarfs, neutron stars and quark stars. Black holes.
8. Stability of stars. Gravitational collapse. Supernovae phenomenon.
9. Pulsars: main properties and physical processes in pulsar magnetospheres.
10. Binary systems of stars. Structure and evolution of close binaries. Accretion disks.