QUACS RTN

 Considerable progress towards the development of the desired conceptual framework has been achieved by developing or applying novel theoretical and experimental approaches to the following general questions (see details below, labeled by Tx.y-Task number in Work Plan of Annex I):   

(a)    What role does entanglement play in the evolution of large ensembles or complex systems? This question has been elucidated by innovative theoretical studies undertaken within the QUACS RTN of the dynamics of interacting complex systems, affecting the entanglement and decoherence of both internal and translational states in complex systems (T1.1 / 1.2 / 3.1 / 3.3).

(b)   What are the most appropriate protection schemes against decoherence and entanglement      control algorithms for complex systems? This major challenge has prompted the development of novel theoretical approaches within the QUACS RTN to the control of decoherence, entanglement and protection of quantum information by time-dependent interventions, measurements and coding (T3.1 / 3.3 / 3.4(.

(c)    What are the size or complexity limits of systems and ensembles still displaying coherence? These issues have been at the heart of important experimental and theoretical advances concerning coherent dynamics and interference in molecular, semiconductor and high-Tc superconducting mesoscopic systems wthin the QUACS RTN, which has the lead in this studies (T2.1 / 2.2 / 2.3).

(d)   Does inter-particle entanglement occur in condensed media, in the presence of the fast decoherence prevailing under ambient conditions? The standard answer is negative, as indicated by the complete absence of entanglement from the lore of material science or chemistry. However, as indicated by pioneering experimental studies with theoretical support within the QUACS RTN, there may be manifestations of entanglement in probe (neutron or electron) scattering off statistical ensembles of protons in condensed media at ambient temperatures. The 1^st Intl. Workshop on Anomalous Neutron Cross Sections held in Oxford in Sept. 2004 was entirely dedicated to this intriguing new topic (T2.4).

Highlights classified according to Work Packages (WP) and Tasks (T) in Work Plan of Annex I.

• T = Theoretical Highlights
• E = Experimental Highlights
• + = Joint Highlights
• Reference numbers are from the list of QUACS-supported Publications (see below).

 
WP1: Theoretical and diagnostic tools.

Fundamentals of decoherence.

Weizmann + Orsay + Stockholm:    
Deeper insights into decoherence have been obtained through our analysis of the evolution of a complex system coupled to a reservoir, fully allowing for the memory-time or spectral response of the reservoir. This has brought us closer to our main aim, which is to determine the space-time scales of the transition from unitarity to irreversibility and classicality. (T1.1)

Quantum information and translational entanglement of wavepackets.

Weizmann + Stockholm + Olomouc / Vienna + Kaiserslautern:   
We have quantified, for the first time, the quantum information encoded in both translational and internal degrees of freedom in a ubiquitous class of processes that have eluded thus far the attention of the quantum information community: collisions, dissociation and the resulting entanglement of matter wavepackets (atoms, molecules and quasiparticles). (T1.2)

T1.1.Dynamics of quantum information flow to reservoirs (+ Work Package 3: Engineering/Control of entanglement and decoherence).

Weizmann (T):           
Quantum information (or fidelity) reversibility in decaying / decohering systems has been studied: such reversibility has been shown to be achievable using dynamical control via fast modulations or frequent measurements [1, 2, 3]. (T3.3)

Stockholm + Weizmann (T):
We have investigated the effects of non-Markovian behavior on the evolution of a general, dynamical, quantum system by comparing memory effects appearing either as time-convolution integrals or as time-dependent coefficients in the master equation. We have looked into the basic formulation of these models and have investigated the hazards appearing when formally correct expressions are replaced by seemingly reasonable approximations that may give physically incorrect behavior. In particular, we have been searching for the generalization of the standard Lindblad conditions to allow for memory effects  [4].

Orsay + Stockholm (T):

We have investigated the evolution of a quantum system, part of which is subject to repeated measurements, in order to elucidate the criteria for the applicability of master equations to the study of quantum dynamics [5].

T1.2.Internally-translationally entangled (ITE) wavepackets.

Weizmann (T):           
We have made progress towards the formulation of general laws governing quantum information change in collisions of wavepackets [6].

Stockholm + Weizmann (T):
We have found, using simple models, that the position dependence of the dipolar coupling matrix element may be utilized to steer laser-induced reactions into desired outgoing channels [7].

Olomouc / Vienna + Kaiserslautern + Weizmann + Stockholm (T):

We have been studying effects of internal-translational entanglement in atoms and molecules, focusing on possible tests of EPR (position-momentum) entanglement of dipole-dipole correlated atoms in optical lattices [8-11] and Rydberg gases (T3.1 / 3.3).

 
WP2: Interferometry and probe scattering.

Particle interferometers.

Particle interferometers, which have been among the main experimental tools of quantum mechanics since its inception, have been pushed towards unprecedented performance by QUACS partners in two principal directions:

(a) Increase in resolution and in the ability to study more and more massive objects, such as large molecules, whose interferometry has been pioneered by Vienna. (T2.2)

(b) Reduction in the size of the interferometers, allowing access to the mesoscopic scale for charged quasiparticles, has been pioneered by Weizmann. (T2.3). The concept of a laser-based interferometer for molecular dimers is being pioneered by Kaiserslautern. (T2.1)

Probes with high spatio-temporal resolution.

For neutrons in the hyperthermal (sub-keV-energy) short-wavelength range, the nuclear collision time is of the order of the photon time-of-flight over atomic distances. Hence, scattering of such beams may act as a sub-femtosecond probe of molecular and other condensed media under ambient conditions in a wide variety of organic and inorganic substances. These experiments, pioneered by Berlin, have been recently complemented by experiments with electrons and X-rays, partly initiated by Berlin, having the same short-wavelength scale and sub-femtosecond resolution. All of the foregoing experiments have revealed scattering anomalies, that may have their roots in the entanglement of protons with their environment. These striking experimental results, supplemented by theoretical studies of probe scattering off quantum statistical ensembles by Berlin + Stockholm + Delft / Weizmann + Orsay suggest that high-resolution probe-scattering and their statistical correlations can reveal multiparticle entanglement in QUACS which may render invalid the concept of pairwise entanglement of the probe and scatterer. (T2.3/T2.4)

T2.1.Dimer interferometry.

Kaiserslautern (E):

We have completed the development and numerical analysis of a new scheme for the preparation of coherent superposition states [12], and developed a new scheme for the experimental phase analysis of superposition states [13].

Vienna / Konstanz + Weizmann:

A feasibility study of translational (EPR) entanglement of dissociated dimers was completed by the Konstanz team (Brezger / Lvovsky), in close consultation with Weizmann. Although the experimental realization appeared promising, the project was aborted because career developments of the Konstanz team have led them outside the EU research area.

 
T2.2.Macromolecular Interferometry.

Vienna (E):

We have been exploring alternative new routes to the volatilization of neutral macromolecules. UV-laser desorption is being explored for monodisperse biomolecules in the 1000 amu range. It was also used to generate pure gold clusters up to Au₂₄ from colloidal ligand-stabilized gold nanoparticles [14]. Pulsed laser detection of porphyrins and gold clusters has been demonstrated.

Currently the source / detector combination is beingextended by a cold jet-expansion in heavy noble gases to obtain a more intense flux of large, neutral and internally cold molecules.

Very recently, we were able to observe effusive beams of perfluorinated-alkyl-silyl-alkyl-amines with molecular masses between 2600 and 2900 amu. Their use in Talbot-Lau interferometry is currently being explored [15 – 19].

                      
T2.3.Mesoscopic Interferometry.

Delft (T):

We have studied coherent transport of electrons by adiabatic pumping and applied our results to a quantum dot coupled to a superconducting lead [20].

Weizmann (E):

We have been studying phase measurements and controlled dephasing in mesoscopic systems. Electron interferometers and path detectors are being constructed and measurements are being performed at 50 mK range [21-23].

Delft + Weizmann + Orsay (T):

We have investigated the scattering of a probe particle by fluctuating mesoscopic multi-atom ensembles in an optical lattice [24].

 
T2.4. Neutron/electron Compton scattering (NCS/ECS): entanglement/correlation effects.

Berlin (E):

We have obtained a direct comparison between ECS and NCS results from protons, both revealing anomalous reduction of the scattering cross-section (“missing proton”) compared to standard (tabulated) values.  These results [24] have attracted widespread interest and international recognition (see Media coverage of QUACS-related publications). ECS represents a qualitatively new method which can provide new insights and supplement the NCS, whose anomalous cross-sections have been further investigated [25 – 33]. X-ray scattering has been shown to yield analogous anomalies [34]. This newly emerged scientific topic was addressed in the first “International Workshop on Anomalous Neutron Cross-Sections”,  Abingdon / Oxford, 29 – 30 September, 2004 organized by ISIS-Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. ISIS is presently the worldwide leading neutron spallation source. Our NCS experiments (done in the framework of QUACS RTN) were performed with the unique instrument Vesuvio of ISIS and represent the international state-of-art in the investigation of short-lived quantum entanglement in condensed media and molecular systems.”

Berlin/ISIS/Uppsala + Weizmann + Stockholm + Vienna (T):

Possible theoretical interpretations of the anomalous ECS and NCS experimental results have been given, attributing them to entanglement with the environment [32 - 39].

Uppsala / Berlin (T):

The influence of quantum entanglement and decoherence processes on the NCS-cross section have been studied, based on a model valid for NCS from two identical nuclei. In this model, quantum exchange effects are the reason for inter-nuclei interferences that give rise to the reduced NCS cross sections. The anomalies in partly deuterated water observed by the Berlin group were quantitatively interpreted using this model [40 – 43]. (T3.4)

 WP3:Engineering / control of entanglement and decoherence.

Decoherence control schemes.

A universal control strategy for the inhibition of decoherence has been developed by Weizmann (T3.1), based on appropriately designed time-dependent interventions in open quantum ensembles, which affects the interaction among the elements of the ensemble and their coupling to reservoirs. Such interventions include either frequent measurements or temporal modulation of the system-reservoir coupling. This strategy can be useful for controlling the transition to chaos, nonadiabatic protection from decoherence near the edge of a continuum and control of decoherence in Josephson junctions (Naples + Weizmann) (T3.4). Intramolecular decoherence has been shown to be affected via control over the electronic-vibrational entanglement by laser fields (Stockholm + Weizmann) (T1.2).

 Control algorithms and coding theory methods extended to the quantum domain.

A novel approach developed by Orsay + Weizmann (T3.1/3.3) is the idea of non-holonom control, which relies on unitary transformations of the entire exponentially-large Hilbert space of the ensemble. This approach has generalized the basic ideas of classical coding theory to the quantum domain. Its two main ingredients are the procedure of quantum coding supplemented by algorithms for the construction of the required external interventions. These interventions act in the augmented Hilbert-space spanned by the entanglement of the protected system with an auxiliary system in the Zeno regime, which disentangle it from the subspace of the protected system and leave the latter intact. Another type of Hilbert-space augmentation has been achieved via mapping the system onto a collective state by Kaiserslautern (T3.1/3.3), using an auxiliary system.

 Photon-photon entanglement.

Current progress in optics offers unprecedented possibilities of controlling quantum states of atoms, molecules, and electromagnetic fields. In particular, field-atom interactions give rise to slow propagation in coherent media, thereby allowing highly-efficient, giant, non-linear optical interactions. In the limit of a single pair of photons, highly promising mechanisms for the entanglement of slow-light polaritons, that may allow deterministic quantum gate operations, have been proposed for the first time: dipole-dipole interaction by Weizmann + Kaiserslautern and photonic band-gap structures by Weizmann (T3.3).

Entanglement and decoherence  control in multi-atom and molecular systems.

Experiments with cold Rydberg atoms by Orsay (T3.1/3.3) have allowed the verification of basic theoretical models of complex quantum ensembles. Laser-induced entanglement suggested by Weizmann (T3.3) in Bose condensates offers a deeper insight into the role of quantum (near-field) correlations in macroscopic quantum ensembles. Decoherence effects in molecular interferometry have been experimentally explored by Vienna and Kaiserslautern. (T3.3)

Macroscopic quantum coherence and entanglement in solid-state devices.

Impressive technological progress in lithography, low-temperature techniques and material science have allowed advancement towards the creation of quantum mesoscopic devices, using high-Tc superconductors, by Naples, which is a leader in this field (T3.4). This technology is potentially capable of creating compact networks of high-Tc superconducting devices suitable for topological quantum error protection. A novel scheme for dynamical control of decoherence in Josephson devices has been proposed by Naples + Weizmann. Prospects for preparing and detecting entangled (Bell) states in double quantum dots have been studied by Delft (T3.4).

T3.1/3.3. Theoretical entanglement and decoherence control.

Kaiserslautern (T):

We have proposed a robust method for QI processing, based on topological phases without dynamical phases [44,45]. We have carried out a comprehensive theoretical analysis of decoherence in quantum memories wherein qubits are encoded by collective (Dicke) states, [46], and have developed a method for the suppression of decoherence by individual reservoir couplings based on decoherence-free subspaces [47].

Orsay (T):

(i) We have investigated the role of continuum edges on the coherent dynamics of complex quantum systems and their influence on the relaxation process. Progress has been achieved in understanding of the universal role of adiabatic states located near the continuum edges as the main domain preserving the decoherence of time dependent multilevel systems. These results allow us to explain the experimentally observed charge transfer in metallic nano-objects [48].

(ii) An approach which allows one to protect any quantum system against any number of possible error Hamiltonians satisfying the Hamming bound condition has been developed [49].

Orsay + Weizmann (T):

We have developed the application of the Zeno effect for protection against decoherence. Progress has been achieved by singling out a cold Rb atom system, where the Zeno protection protocol can be realized [50].

Weizmann (T):

We have put forward a comprehensive universal strategy for the control of decay and radiative decoherence:

(i)                 We have proposed the use of antisymmetric (“dark”) states of two-atom dimers and their entanglement by dipole-dipole interactions for robust quantum gates with suppressed decay and decoherence [51].

(ii)               We have developed a universal scheme for phase-modulation control of decay and decoherence in thermal baths [1, 2, 3].

(iii)              We have developed a nonadiabatic scheme for the control of strong coupling to a bath near a continuum edge [53].

T3.3.Entanglement and decoherence control in multi-atom / multi-proton systems and molecules.

Vienna (E):

A general theory of the Talbot-Lau interferometer for molecules [16] as well as the theory of decoherence in a Talbot-Lau interferometer [53] was developed which well represents the recently performed experiments [15-19,53]. Our molecular thermometry allowed for the first time to obtain a quantitative comparison between theoretical and experimental decoherence rates depending on the internal temperature [56 - 59]. Preliminary results on thermal decoherence in the first year were substantiated by the development of a method to assess the mean molecular temperature in free flight.

Kaiserslautern (E):

We have completed detailed experiments aiming at the comprehensive analysis of the Autler-Townes effect in molecules for a number of different coupling scenarios [60], showing the consequences of decay on these coherently driven systems. Experimental demonstration of the finite lifetime of some superposition states was achieved.

Weizmann + Olomouc (T):

(i) We have proposed laser-induced translational (EPR) entanglement of cold atoms in optical lattices [9 – 11] and in condensates [61 – 66]. (ii) We have also proposed a scheme for entanglement transfer from dissociated molecules to photon pairs in cavities [67].

Weizmann + Kaiserslautern (T):

We have developed quantum gates based on deterministic entanglement of single photons mediated by colliding slow-light polaritons (T1.2):

(i)                 polaritons involving Rydberg states with long-range dipole-dipole interactions [68];

(ii)               slow-light polaritons trapped by photonic bandgaps of spatially periodic solid [69] and gaseous [70] media.

Orsay (E): Our experimental activity has been concentrated around the realization of the regime of Coulomb blockade in cold Rydberg gases, particularly in Li vapors.

 
T3.4.Exploration of superconducting and semiconducting structures aimed at entanglement and decoherence control.

Delft + Weizmann + Orsay (T):

We have outlined basic mechanisms allowing for the control of entanglement and decoherence in mesoscopic structures [71].

Delft (T):

We have developed models for creating and detecting entanglement in semiconductor nanostructures such as quantum dots, aiming at a test of Bell's inequality in a double quantum dot [72]. To this end, we have analyzed the time scales of the most prominent sources of decoherence (phonon scattering, spin-orbit interaction and hyperfine interaction).

Naples + Weizmann (T):

We have studied the conditions for dynamically controlling macroscopic quantum tunneling to the continuum by fast modulation of the bias current in Josephson junctions [73, 74].

Naples (E):

Important technological advances have been achieved in the realization and characterization of high-temperature superconductors (HTS). These advances have allowed, for the first time, the experimental realization of HTS elements that may be used for quantum logic [75-86]:

(i) We have realized mesoscopic junctions and dc-SQUIDs made by high-temperature YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x Josephson junctions, by using for the first time a focused ion beam process. We have shown that, reducing the junction dimensions, a competition between midgap state (MGS) mediated current and opposite sign continuous current is achieved.

(ii) We have measured the angular dependence of the Josephson critical current density  (J_C) in c-axis tilt biepitaxial grain boundary YBa₂Cu₃O_7-d (YBCO) junctions demonstrating  for the first time intrinsic d-wave effects in  HTS single Josephson junctions (JJ).

 (iii) For junction dimensions down to 300 nm, we have verified a phase shift of p, at temperature of the order of T_c/2.

(iv) Based on this findings, we have investigated a particular HTS JJ, which can be useful for the implementation of a phase-shift element in a superconducting loop. The result would be a self-biased qubit, with low decoherence, because of its reduced coupling to the environment.

(v) Perhaps our most spectacular finding thus far has been an indication that the escape rate from the zero voltage state of a HTS Josephson junction is dominated by Macroscopic Quantum Tunneling (at temperatures below 40 mK in YBa₂Cu₃O_7-d grain boundary bi-epitaxial JJs).

List of QUACS-supported publications

(Boldface: young researchers)

 [1] A. G. Kofman and G. Kurizki, “Unified Theory of Dynamically Suppressed Qubit Decoherence in Thermal Baths”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 130406 (2004).

 [2] A. G. Kofman and G. Kurizki, “Theory of Dynamical Control of Qubit Decay and Decoherence”, IEEE Trans. Nanotech. 4, No. 1 (2005).

 [3] G. Gordon, G. Kurizki, A. G. Kofman and S. Pellegrin, “Universal dynamical control of decay and decoherence for weak and strong system bath coupling”, J. Quant. Info. Comp. (in press) (Invited review article).

 [4] J. Salo, S. Stenholm, G. Kurizki and A. G. Kofman, “The varieties of Master Equations”, in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press). (Joint)

 [5] J. Clausen, J. Salo, V. M. Akulin and S. Stenholm, “Quantum dynamics effected by repeated measurements”, in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press). (Joint)

 [6] A. Tal and G. Kurizki, “Translational entanglement and decoherence via collisions: quantum information analysis”, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett.

 [7] M. Leibscher and S. Stenholm, “Momentum transfer in laser-induced reactions”, submitted to Opt. Commun. (Joint).

 [8] T. Opatrny, M. Arndt, T. F. Gallagher, R. Garcia-Fernandez, S. Haroche, M. Leibscher, P. Pillet and J. Sherson, “Internal-translational entanglement and interference in atoms and molecules”, in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press).  (Joint)

 [9] T. Opatrny, B. Deb, and G. Kurizki, “Proposal for Translational Entanglement of Dipole-Dipole Interacting Atoms in Optical Lattices”,Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 250404 (2003). (Joint)

 [10] T. Opatrny, M. Kolar, G. Kurizki and B. Deb, “Position and momentum entanglement of dipole-dipole interacting atoms: the EPR paradox on a Lattice”, Int. J. Quant. Info. 2, 305-321 (2004). (Joint) (Invited article).

 [11] T. Opatrny, M. Kolar and G. Kurizki, “Position and momentum entanglement of dipole-dipole interacting atoms in optical lattices”, in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press).  (Joint)

 [12] R. G. Unanyan, M. E. Pietrzyk, B.W. Shore, and K. Bergmann, “Adiabatic creation of coherent superposition states in atomic beams”, Phys. Rev. A 70, 053404 (2004).

 [13] F. Vewinger, M. Heinz, R. Garcia-Fernandez, N. V. Vitanov and K. Bergmann, “Creation and measurement of a coherent superposition of quantum states”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 213001  (2003).

 [14] L. Hackermüller and M. Arndt, ”Laser desorption of gold nanoparticles: clusters near their critical point“, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. (2004).

 [15] A. Stefanov, A. Stibor, A. Dominguez-Clarimon, and M. Arndt, “Determination of the sublimation enthalpy of dye molecules by fluorescence spectroscopy of molecular beams”, J. Chem. Phys. 121 (14), 6935 – 6940 (2004).

 [16] L. Hackermüller, S. Uttenthaler, K. Hornberger, E. Reiger, B. Brezger, A. Zeilinger and M. Arndt, ”The wave nature of  biomolecules and fluorofullerenes “, Phys. Rev. Lett 91, 90408 (2003).

 [17] B. Brezger, M. Arndt and A. Zeilinger, “Concepts of Talbot-Laue interferometry”, J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 5, S82-S89 (2003).

 [18] M. Arndt and A. Zeilinger, “Heisenberg's uncertainty and matter wave interferometry with large molecules”, in “Fundamental Physics, Heisenberg and Beyond”, ed. by G. W. Buschhorn, J. Wess, (Springer, Berlin, 2004), pp. 35–52.

[19] A. Stibor, K. Hornberger, L. Hackermüller, A. Zeilinger and M. Arndt, ”Talbot-Laue interferometry with fullerenes: Sensitivity to inertial forces and vibrational dephasing”, Laser Physics (in press) (Invited article).

[20] M. Blaauboer, “Coherent transport by adiabatic pumping: an application to electrons in a quantum dot coupled to a superconducting lead”, in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press).

[21] Y. Ji, Y. Chung, D. Sprinzak, M. Heiblum, D. Mahalu, and H. Shtrikman, "An Electronic Mach-Zehnder Interferometer" , Nature 422, 415 (2003).

[22] Y. Ji, Y. Chung, D. Sprinzak, F. Portier and M. Heiblum, “A mesoscopic Mach-Zender Interferometer”, in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press).

[23] M. Avinun-Kalish, M. Heiblum, A. Silva, D. Mahalu and V. Umansky, “Controlled Dephasing at a Quantum Dot in the Kondo Regime”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 156801 (2004).

[24] M. Blaauboer, G. Kurizki, and V.M. Akulin, “Probe Scattering by Fluctuating Multiatom Ensembles in Optical Lattices, in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press). (Joint)

[25] C. A. Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann, M. Vos, C. Kleiner and T. Abdul-Redah, "Comparison of Electron and Neutron Compton Scattering from Entangled Protons in a Solid Polymer", Phys. Rev. Lett.  91, 057403 (2003).

[26] T. Abdul-Redah and C. A. Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann,  “Anomalous Neutron Scattering and Coupling of Protons to the Environment at Different Temperatures”, Physica B 350 (Suppl.), E1035 (2004).

[27] C. A. Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann and T. Abdul-Redah, “Attosecond Entanglement of Protons in Molecular Hydrogen: Neutron Compton Scattering Results”, Physica B 350, 239 (2004).

[28] T. Abdul-Redah and C. A. Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann, “Protonic Quantum Entanglement, Decoherence, and anomalous Scattering of Protons”, in  “Hydrogen Treatment of Materials -Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference, HTM-2004”, Donetsk-Svyatogorsk, p. 369-376 (Donetsk, 2004).

[29] T. Abdul-Redah and C. A. Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann, “Fundamental Physics with Neutrons“,  (Meeting Report, ECNS 2003, Montpellier) Neutron News 15, 7 (2004).

[30] J. Mayers and T. Abdul-Redah, “Anomalous Neutron Inelastic Cross-Sections at eV Energy Transfers” in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press).

[31] C. A. Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann, T. Abdul-Redah, M. Krzystyniak, M. Vos, “Attosecond Effects in Scattering of Neutrons and Electrons from Protons” in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press).

[32] H. Naumann, T. Abdul-Redah and C. A. Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann, “Probing Short-Lived Entanglement with Inelastic X-Ray Scattering” in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press).

[33] I. E. Mazets, C. A. Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann and G. Kurizki, “Is Fermi’s Golden Rule Always True for Compton Scattering?” in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press). (Joint)

[34] M. Krzystyniak, T. Abdul-Redah, C. A. Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann, F. Fillaux, E. B. Karlsson, J. Mayers, I. E. Mazets, H. Naumann, S. Stenholm, “Schrödinger Cat states of Protons in Condensed Matter”, in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press). (Joint)

[35] C. A. Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann and S. Stenholm , “On the Correlation Approach to Scattering in the Decoherence Timescale” in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press). (Joint)

[36] T. Abdul-Redah, M. Krzystyniak and C. A. Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann, “Quantum Entanglement and Decoherence due to Coupling of Protons to Electronic Environment” in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press)

[37] C. A. Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann, “H_1.5O, C₆H_4.5: Wo ist der Wasserstoff? (Attosekunden-Chemie)“ Nachrichten aus der Chemie  52, 773-776 (2004). (N.a.d.Ch. is the official journal of the German Chemical Society, GDCh)

[38] A. Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann and M. Arndt, “Quantum Mechanics and Chemistry: The Relevance of Nonlocality and Entanglement for Molecules” Angew.Chem. Int. Ed. 43, 144 (2004). (Joint)

[39] C. A. Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann, “Mit Neutronen auf der Spur von Schrödingers Katze“ (Attosekunden-Verschränkung), Physik in unserer Zeit  35, 174-180 (2004).

[40] E. B. Karlsson, “Quantum Coherence in Neutron Scattering on Protons”, Mod. Phys.
Lett. B 18, 247 (2004).

[41] E. B. Karlsson and S. W. Lovesey, Comment on “Quantum Entanglement and Neutron Scattering Experiments”, J. Phys.: Cond. Matter 16, 5631 (2004).

[42] E. B. Karlsson and J. Mayers, Comment on “Search for Anomalous Effects in H2O / D2O Mixtures by Neutron Total Cross Section Measurements”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 249601 (2004).

[43] E. B. Karlsson, “Proton-proton correlations in condensed matter”, in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press).

[44] R. G. Unanyan and M. Fleischhauer, “A geometric phase gate without dynamical phases”, Phys. Rev. A 69, 050302 (R)  (2004).

[45] R. G. Unanyan, and M. Fleischhauer, “Decoherence-free generation of many-particle entanglement by adiabatic ground-state transitions”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 133601 (2003).

 [46] C. Mewes and M. Fleischhauer, “Decoherence in Collective Quantum Memories for Photons”, quant-ph/0408018 (submitted to PRA).

 [47] C. Mewes, R. G. Unanyan and M. Fleischhauer, “Quasi-decoherence-free subspaces in collective quantum memories for photons”,  (submitted to PRL).

 [48] S. Pellegrin, A. Sarfati and V. M. Akulin, “Non-adiabatic transitions at a continuum edge”, Eur. Phys. J. D 23, 95 (2003).

 [49] E. Brion, D. Comparat, G. Harel, I. Mazets, V. M. Akulin, I. Dumer, G. Kurizki, and P. Pillet, “Coherence Protection by the Zeno Effect and Non-Holonomic Control of Rydberg Rb atoms”, submitted to Phys. Rev A. (Joint)

 [50] G. Kurizki, A. G. Kofman, E. Brion, V. M. Akulin and J. Clausen, “Zeno and anti-Zeno dynamics”, in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press). (Joint)

 [51] D. Petrosyan, and G. Kurizki, “Scalable solid-state quantum processor using subradiant two-atom states”, Phys. Rev. Lett 89, 20790 (2002).

 [52] S. Pellegrin and G. Kurizki, "Nonadiabatic relaxation control of qubits strongly coupled to continuum edge" Phys. Rev. A (in press), quant-ph/0410115.

 [53] K. Hornberger, S. Uttenthaler, B. Brezger, L. Hackermüller, M. Arndt and A. Zeilinger, ”Collisional Decoherence Observed in MatterWave Interferometry“, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 160401 (2003).

[54] L. Hackermüller,  K. Hornberger, B. Brezger, A. Zeilinger and M. Arndt, ”Decoherence in a Talbot Lau interferometer: the influence of molecular scattering“,  Appl. Phys. B  77, 781 - 787 (2003).

[55] K. Hornberger, J. Sipe and M. Arndt, ”Decoherence in a matter wave interferometer” accepted by Phys. Rev. A. (2004), quant-ph/0407245v01.

[56] L. Hackermüller, K. Hornberger, B. Brezger, A. Zeilinger and M. Arndt, ”Decoherence of matter waves by thermal emission of radiation“, Nature427, 711  (2004).

[57] M. Arndt , K. Hornberger and A. Zeilinger, ”Bits and pieces: Decoherence and the quantum-classical transition explored by matter waves “, submitted to Physics World  (invited).

[58] M. Arndt, L. Hackermüller, K. Hornberger and A. Zeilinger, ”Coherence and decoherence experiments with fullerenes“ in  “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press).

[59] M. Arndt, L. Hackermüller, K. Hornberger and A. Zeilinger, “Organic molecules and decoherence experiments in a molecule interferometer“ in “Multiscale Methods in Quantum Mechanics“, ed. by P. Blanchard, G. Dell’antonio, (Birkhäuser, Boston, 2004), pp. 1–10. 

[60] R. Garcia-Fernandez, A. Ekers, J. Klavins, L.P. Yatsenko, N.N. Bezuglov, B.W. Shore and K. Bergmann, “The Autler-Townes effect in a Sodium molecular ladder scheme”, Phys. Rev. A (in press).

[61] D. H. J. O'Dell, S. Giovanazzi, and G. Kurizki, “Rotons in gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates irradiated by a laser”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 110402 (2003).

[62] I. E. Mazets, D. H. J. O’Dell, G. Kurizki, N. Davidson and W. P. Schleich, “Depletion of a Bose-Einstein Condensate by Laser-Induced Dipole-Dipole Interactions, J. Phys. B 37, S 155 (2004).

[63] D. H. J. O’Dell, S. Giovanazzi and G. Kurizki, “Squeezing in a Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensed Gas”, J. Mod. Opt., 50, 2655 (2003).

[64] G. Kurizki, I. E. Mazets, D. H. J. O’Dell and W. P. Schleich, “Bose-Einstein Condensates with Laser-Induced Dipole-Dipole Interactions beyond the Mean-field Approach”, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 18, 961-974  (2004).

[65] A. I. Artemiev, I. E. Mazets, G. Kurizki and D. H. J. O’Dell, “Electromagnetically-induced isothermal “gravitational” collapse in molecular fermionic gases”, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 18, 2027-2034  (2004).

[66] I. Mazets, G. Kurizki, N. Katz and N. Davidson, “Optically-induced polarons in Bose condensates: probing composite quasiparticle decay”, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett.

[67] D. Petrosyan, G. Kurizki, and M. Shapiro, “Entanglement transfer from dissociated molecules to photons”, Phys. Rev. A 67, 012318 (2003).

[68] I. Friedler, D. Petrosyan, G. Kurizki, M. Masalas and M. Fleischhauer, “Deterministic quantum gates using dipole-dipole interacting dark polaritons”, submitted to Phys. Rev. A. (Joint)

[69] I. Friedler, G. Kurizki and D. Petrosyan, “Giant nonlinearity and entanglement of single photons in photonic bandgap structures”, Europhys. Lett. 68, 625-631 (2004).

[70] I. Friedler, G. Kurizki and D. Petrosyan, "Deterministic quantum logic with photons via optically induced photonic bandgaps" , Phys. Rev. A (in press).

[71] M. Blaauboer, D. O'Dell, N. Davidson, A. Dykhne,M. Heiblum, G. Kurizki, D. Esteve and E. Sarnelli, “Coherence and entanglement in Mesoscopic Systems”, in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press).  (Joint)

[72] M. Blaauboer, D.P. DiVincenzo, and L.P. Kouwenhoven, “Proposal for a Bell test using a double quantum dot turnstile”, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett.

[73] A. Barone, G. Kurizki, and A.G. Kofman, “Dynamical Control of Macroscopic Quantum Tunneling”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 200403 (2004). (Joint)

[74] A. Barone, A. G. Kofman and G. Kurizki, “Zeno and anti-Zeno effects in driven Josephson junctions: control of macroscopic quantum tunneling”, in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press). (Joint)

 [75] A. Barone, F. Lombardi, A. Monaco, E. Sarnelli, F. Tafuri, and G. Testa, “Effects of d-wave symmetry in Hgh Tc grain boundary Josephson junctions”, Physica Status Solidi (b) 241, 1192 (2004).

[76] F. Miletto Granozio, U. Scotti di Uccio, F. Lombardi, F. Ricci, F. Bevilacqua, G. Ausanio, F. Carillo and F. Tafuri, “Structure and properties of symmetric and asymmetric YBaCuO Josephson junctions realized by a novel CeO₂-based biepitaxial technique, Phys. Rev. B 67, 184506 (2003).

[77] F. Tafuri, J.R. Kirtley,F. Lombardi  and F. Miletto Granozio, “Intrinsic and extrinsic d-wave effects in YBaCuO grain boundary Josephson junctions: implications for p-circuitry”, Phys. Rev. B  67, 174516 (2003).

[78] E.Il'ichev, F. Tafuri  M. Grajcar, R.P.J. Ijsselsteijn,, J. Weber, F. Lombardi and J.R. Kirtley, “Paramagnetic effect inYBCO grain boundary junctions” Phys. Rev. B 68, 14510 (2003).

[79] F. Tafuri, J.R. Kirtley, P.G. Medaglia, P. Orgiani and G. Balestrino, “Penetration depths of artificially layered [Ba_0.9Nd_0.1CuO_2+x]_m/[CaCuO₂]_n systems”, Phys. Rev.  Lett. 92, 157006 (2004).

[80] G. Testa, A.Monaco, E.Sarnelli, D.-J. Kang, S.Menneima, E.J.Tarte and M.G.Blamire, “Submicron YBa2Cu3O7-x bicrystal grain boundary junctions by Focused Ion Beam”, Supercond. Sci. Technol. 17, 287 (2004).

[81] F. Tafuri, J.R. Kirtley, F. Lombardi, T. Bauch, E.Il'ichev, F. Miletto Granozio, D. Stornaiuolo and U. Scotti di Uccio, “Flavours of intrinsic d-wave induced effects in YBa₂Cu₃O_7-d  grain boundary Josephson junctions”, Supercond. Science and Technology 17, S202  (2004).

[82] F. Tafuri, J.R. Kirtley, F. Lombardi, P.G. Medaglia, P. Orgiani and G. Balestrino, “Advances in high Tc grain boundary junctions”, Fizika Nizkikh Temperatur 30, 785 (2004).

[83] G. Testa, A.Monaco, E.Esposito, E.Sarnelli, D.-J. Kang, S.Menneima, E.J.Tarte and M.G.Blamire, “Midgap State based p-junctions for digital applications”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 1202 (2004).

[84] E. Sarnelli, G. Testa, A. Monaco, M. Adamo and D. Perez de Lara, “Employment of submicron Yba2Cu3O7-x grain boundary junctions for the fabrication of  quiet superconducting flux-qubits” in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press).

[85] C. Nappi, M. P. Lisitskiy, G. Rotoli, R. Cristiano and A. Barone, “New fluxon resonant mechanism in annular Josephson tunnel junctions”, Phys. Rev.  Lett. 93, 187001 (2004).

[86] M. A. Navacerrada, M. L. Lucía, L. L. Sánchez-Soto, F. Sánchez Quesada, E. Sarnelli and G. Testa, Phys. Rev. B 2004 (in press).

A.2 Joint Publications and Patents

1) A. Barone, G. Kurizki, and A.G. Kofman, “Dynamical Control of Macroscopic Quantum Tunneling”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 200403 (2004).  (Naples + Weizmann) (T3.4, T3.1)

2) T. Opatrny, B. Deb, and G. Kurizki, “Proposal for Translational Entanglement of Dipole-Dipole Interacting Atoms in Optical Lattices”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 250404 (2003). (Olomouc / Vienna + Weizmann). (T1.2, T3.1, T3.3)

3) T. Opatrny, M. Kolar, G. Kurizki and B. Deb, “Position and momentum entanglement of dipole-dipole interacting atoms”, Int. J. Quant. Info. 2, 305-321 (2004), invited. (Olomouc / Vienna + Weizmann) . (T1.2, T3.1, T3.3)

4) E. Brion, D. Comparat, G. Harel, I. Mazets, V. M. Akulin, I. Dumer, G. Kurizki and P. Pillet, “Coherence protection by the Zeno effect and non-holonomic control of Rydberg Rb atoms”, submitted to Phys. Rev. A. (Orsay + Weizmann) . (T3.1, T3.3)

5) I. Friedler, D. Petrosyan, G. Kurizki, M. Masalas and M. Fleischhauer, “Deterministic quantum gates using dipole-dipole interacting dark polaritons”, submitted to Phys. Rev. A. (Kaiserslautern + Weizmann) . (T3.3, T3.1, T1.2)

6) M. Leibscher and S. Stenholm, “Momentum transfer in laser-induced reactions”, submitted to Opt. Commun. (Weizmann + Stockholm) .

7) A. Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann and M. Arndt, “Quantum Mechanics and Chemistry: The Relevance of Nonlocality and Entanglement for Molecules”, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43, 144 (2004). (Berlin + Vienna) . (T2.4, T2.2, T3.3)

 
A major joint scientific and training enterprise of the QUACS RTN has been the editing of a 700-page book entitled “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'' (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press). This book has been edited by the Orsayand Weizmann YRs and PIs, with Olomouc / Vienna, Berlin, Delft, Stockholm, and Naples

YRs and PIs as topical editors and contributors and with a number of international leaders in their fields (see below) as coauthors. The joint articles in this book, listed below, summarize the ongoing collaboration and extensive discussions among QUACS partners on all topics pertaining to the network research:

 
8) J. Salo, S. Stenholm, G. Kurizki and A. G. Kofman, “The varieties of Master Equations”, in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'' (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press). (Stockholm + Weizmann) . (T1.1, T3.1)

9) J. Clausen, J. Salo, V. M. Akulin and S. Stenholm, “Quantum dynamics effected by repeated measurements”, in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press). (Orsay + Stockholm) . (T1.1, T3.1)

10) G. Kurizki, A. G. Kofman, V. M. Akulin, E. Brion and J. Clausen, “Zeno and anti-Zeno dynamics”, in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press). (Weizmann + Orsay) . (T1.1, T3.1)

11) M. Blaauboer, N. Davidson, D. O'Dell, A. Dykhne, D. Esteve, M. Heiblum, G. Kurizki and E. Sarnelli, “Coherence and entanglement in Mesoscopic Systems”, in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press).  (Delft + Weizmann + Naples) . (T3.4, T3.1)

12) M. Blaauboer, G. Kurizki, and V.M. Akulin, “Probe Scattering by Fluctuating Multiatom Ensembles in Optical Lattices, “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press). (Delft + Weizmann + Orsay) . (T2.3)

13) M. Krzystyniak, T. Abdul-Redah, C. A. Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann, F. Fillaux, E. B. Karlsson, J. Mayers, I. E. Mazets, H. Naumann, S. Stenholm, “Schrödinger’s Cats states of Protons in Condensed Matter”, in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press). (Berlin + Uppsala + Stockholm + Weizmann) . (T2.4,T2.3)

14) I. E. Mazets, C. A. Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann and G. Kurizki, “Is Fermi’s Golden Rule Always True for Compton Scattering?” in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press). (Weizmann + Berlin) . (T2.4,T3.1)

15) C. A. Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann and S. Stenholm , “On Correlation Approach to Scattering in the Decoherence Timescale” in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press). (Berlin + Stockholm) . (T2.4,T3.1)

16) A. Barone, A. G. Kofman and G. Kurizki, “Zeno and anti-Zeno effects in driven Josephson junctions: control of macroscopic quantum tunneling”, in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press). (Naples + Weizmann) . (T3.4,T3.1)

17) M. Leibscher and S. Stenholm, “Momentum transfer in laser-induced reactions”, submitted. (Weizmann + Stockholm). (T1.2,T3.1)

18) T. Opatrny, M. Arndt, T. F. Gallagher, R. Garcia-Fernandez, S. Haroche, M. Leibscher, P. Pillet and J. Sherson, “Internal-translational entanglement and interference in atoms and molecules”, in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press). (Vienna + Kaiserslautern + Stockholm + Orsay). (T1.2,T3.1,T2.3)

19) C. Mewes, S. Pellegrin, M. Fleischauer and G. Kurizki, “Coherence protection near energy gaps”, in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press). (Weizmann + Kaiserslautern). (T3.1)

20) S. Pellegrin, E. Brion, C. Mewes, L. Ioffe and G. Kurizki, “Adiabatic and nonadiabatic protection from decoherence”, in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press). (Weizmann + Orsay + Kaiserslautern) . (T3.1)

21) E. Brion, V. M. Akulin, D. Comparat, I. Dumer, G. Harel, N. Kébaïli, G. Kurizki, I. E. Mazets and P. Pillet, “Coherence protection by the quantum Zeno effect”, in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press). (Orsay + Weizmann) . (T3.1)

22) J. Salo, J. Clausen and I. E. Mazets, “Non-Markovian decay and decoherence in open quantum systems”, in “Decoherence, entanglement, and information protection in complex quantum systems'', (Kluwer, Amsterdam, in press). (Orsay + Stockholm) . (T1.1,T3.1)

 Media Coverage of QUACS related publications

 
On neutron scattering and entanglement

1.     “Entangled Protons in a Solid Polymer”, Physics Today, section Physics Update (which selects 4 papers per month), page 9 September 2003.

2.     “Missing: One-Quarter Hydrogen”,  Scientific American, section  News Scan, page 20, October 2003.

3.     “Where in the H is the H in H₂O?”, Discover, page 16, November 2003.

4.     “Wasser ist nicht H₂O”, in: Der Tagesspiegel, section Forschen, page 38, 11 December 2003. http://archiv.tagesspiegel.de/archiv/11.12.2003/883930 .asp#art

5.     “Ein Atomkern verschwindet”, Frankfurter Allgemeine, section Wissenschaft, page 57, Sunday 27 June 2004. See related site:   http://www.faz.net/s/Rub163D8A6908014952B0FB3DB178F372D4/Doc~E2D3AD0AB9993419E9BE75106AED94201~ATpl~Ecommon~Scontent.html

6.     “Die Rätsel des Wassers”,  Deutschlandfunk, radio programme: Forschung aktuell, 16:35 h, 5 January 2004. See related site:  http://www.dradio.de/dlf/sendungen/forschak/225064/

On collision induced decoherence

7.     „Bizarre Virsuwelle“ DIE ZEIT 30.04.2003 Nr.19

8.      „Wenn Quantenphysiker Fußball spielen“, Rainer Scharf, FAZ (6. Mai 2003), 

9.     „Torwandschiessen mit C-70-Molekülen: Suche nach den Grenzen der Kohärenz“ 7. Mai 2003, Neue Zürcher Zeitung

10. On wave-nature of biomolecules and fluorofullerenes

11. „Molecules of life come in waves“, Philip Ball, Nature Science News Update, 5.9.2003
http://www.nature.com/nsu/030901/030901-8.html

12. „Biomolecules behave like a wave“, Bell Dumé, Physics Web, 5.9.2003
http://physicsweb.org/article/news/7/9/4

13. „Auch Biomoleküle können sich wie Wellen verhalten“, Stefan Maier, 9.9.2003 http://www.wissenschaft.de/wissen/news/228180

14. Wiener Physiker weisen erstmals Wellencharakter von Biomolekülen nach, Utl.: Farbstoffträger "Porphyrin" zeigt eindeutig Beugungsmuster, Austria Presse Agentur (APA) W&B vom 10.09.2003, Rubrik: Wissenschaft

15. Der Wellencharakter von Biomolekülen, derStandard, 12.9.2003

On thermal decoherence

16. „Looking at decoherence“, Belle Dumé, PhysicsWeb 18.2.2004 
17. “Wenn Moleküle sich selbst verorten”, Thomas Kramar, diePresse, 19.2.2004
18. „Den Buckyballs ihren Wellencharakter ausgetrieben“, derStandard, 19.2.2004
19. „Quantum Transittions heat up“, Charles Seife,  Science Now, 18.2.2004
20. “Quantenphysik: Wellencharakter verschwindet bei Hitze”, Lukas Wieselberg, ORF ON Science, 19.2.2004
21. „Quantum Physics: The heat is off“, Austria Presse Agentur, 18.2.2004
22. “Big, Hot Molecules Bridge the Gap Between Normal and Surreal”, Charles Seife, Science 303, 1119 (2004)
23. “Spooky subatomic behavior seen on grander scale”, Keay Davidson, San Francisco Chronicle, February 22, (2004).
24. “C-70 molecules show decoherence” nanotechweb.org 19.2.2004
25. “Tot oder lebendig: Wie das Urteil über Schrödingers Katze gesprochen wird“, Axel Tilemans, Wissenschaft.de 19.2.2004
26. „Fußball in der Quantenwelt, Beim Schuß auf die Torwand dürfen die Moleküle nicht zu heiß sein“, Manfred Lindinger FAZ 19.2.2004
27. „Making Decoherence Visible“, Phillip Schewe, Ben Stein, Janes Riordon, Physics News Update 674, 23.2.2004


Quantum Mechanics with Large Molecules

28. Bild der Wissenschaft, „Spuk in der Quantenwelt“, S. 46–47 & S. 50, September 2003.

. Textbooks and popular science books including the Vienna molecule interferometry 

30. J. Küblbeck and Rainer Müller, „Die Wesenszüge der Quantenphysik“, Aulis Verlag (2002).

31. H. Pietschmann, „Quantenmechanik verstehen - Einführung in den Welle-Teilchen-Dualismus für Lehrer und Studierende“, Springer, Berlin (2003).

32. V. Scarani,  „Initation à la Physique Quantique“  , Vuibert (2003).