Outer Planet Satellites
Images and data from the Voyager and Cassini spacecraft have revealed the outer planet satellites to be a fascinating collection of small bodies. Diverse structural, dynamic and chemical phenomena still lack even crude explanations. One of the most interesting phenomena observed by Cassini is a plume of gas and ice particles jetting from the south pole of Saturn's moon, Enceladus. One of the explanations for the plume involves dissociation of clathrate-hydrates of the various gases observed by Cassini. In this explanation, the clathrates, which are essentially ice cages occupied by molecules of various gases, are exposed to near-vacuum when rifts in Enceladus' south polar terrain open up as a result of tidal stresses. A time-dependent model for dissociation of the clathrates to produce the plume [Halevy and Stewart, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2008] can be used together with calculated tidal stresses to predict plume activity at any given time.
