In the spirit of our time, sloppy image processing and completely fabricated data are put in the same ‘basket’ of misconduct, and the involved individuals are put to shame. However, misconduct is complex and delicate question, and alleged misconduct has been associated with the greatest scientists including Newton and Mendel. I will describe several historical cases of alleged misconduct – some remaining unclear to this day, and some resolved. These teach us that mistakes and errors are part of science, but as scientists, we have huge responsibility with respect to the data we publish – it’s not about the scientific ‘truth’, it’s about ‘accuracy’.