Integrated Calendar

The goal of perceptual systems is to provide useful knowledge about the environment and to encode this information efficiently. As such, perception is an active process that often involves the movement of sense organs such as the eyes. This active nature of perception has typically been neglected in current theories describing how nervous systems learn sensory representations. Here we present an approach for intrinsically motivated learning during active perception that treats the learning of sensory representations and the learning of movements of the sense organs in an integrated manner. In this approach, a generative model learns to encode the sensory data while a reinforcement learner directs the sense organs so as to make the generative model work as efficiently as possible. To this end, the reinforcement learner receives an intrinsic reward signal that measures the encoding quality currently obtained by the generative model. In the context of binocular vision, the approach is shown to lead to a self-calibrating stereo vision system that learns a representation for binocular disparity while at the same time learning proper vergence eye movements to fixate objects. The approach is quite general and can be applied to other types of eye movements such as smooth pursuit movements during motion perception. It may also be extended to different sensory modalities. Somewhat surprisingly, the approach also offers a new perspective on the development of imitation abilities.

Water Cherenkov detectors have been used for many years to study neutrino interactions and search for nucleon decays. Super-Kamiokande, at 50 kilotons the largest such underground detector in the world, has itself enjoyed close to two decades of interesting and important physics results. Looking to the future, for the last eleven years extensive R&D on a potential upgrade to the detector known as GADZOOKS! has been underway and is now nearly complete. The benefits and challenges of enriching Super-K with 100,000 kilograms of a water-soluble gadolinium compound – thereby enabling it to detect thermal neutrons and dramatically improving its performance as a detector for supernova neutrinos , reactor neutrinos, atmospheric neutrinos, and also as a target for the T2K long-baseline
neutrino experiment - will be discussed.