Integrated Calendar

The current talk will present evidences that each cancer has its own unique volatile molecular print and, therefore, the presence of one cancer would not screen out others. Based on this concept, a new generation of biomedical devices for achieving personalized diagnosis of various cancers in a noninvasive, inexpensive and portable manner via various body fluids (e.g., breath or skin) will be presented and discussed.

The effects of ocean circulation on the climate’s response to anthropogenic emissions at low and high latitudes are examined. At high latitudes, we examine the effects of ocean circulation on the North Atlantic sea surface temperature, which has large climate impacts in the Northern Hemisphere. In recent years and in climate projections a cooling trend is found in the North Atlantic surface (the North Atlantic warming hole). Using observations and large ensemble of model simulations, we find that since the beginning of 21st century there has been a reduction in surface meridional heat advection, which cools the North Atlantic midlatitudes and is part of an emerged forced response to anthropogenic emissions and not part of internal climate variability, and thus projected to continue in coming decades.

At low latitudes, the Hadley cell plays an important role in setting the strength and position of the hydrological cycle. Climate projections show a weakening of the Hadley cell, together with widening of its vertical and meridional extents. These changes are projected to have profound global climatic impacts. Current theories for the Hadley cell response to increased greenhouse gases account only for atmospheric and oceanic thermodynamic changes, but not for oceanic circulation changes. Here, the effects of ocean circulation changes on the Hadley cell response to increased greenhouse gases are examined. First, using a hierarchy of ocean-model configurations under increased greenhouse gases or arctic sea-ice loss, we show that, by cooling the surface and atmosphere, ocean circulation contracts and strengthens the Hadley cell, and thus reduces its projected response.

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy allows quantitative studies of nuclear genome organization on the nanoscale1. Here we report on results obtained by single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). SMLM has made possible to explore chromatin nanostructure down to the imaging of single histones, of short oligosequences, or single DNA sites; presently, an intranuclear optical resolution down to the 5 nm range has been achieved. Applying a novel SMLM technique (fBALM)2, the DNA distribution across entire nuclei at nanoscale resolution was quantitatively determined, localizing in individual nuclear optical sections up to ~4 million individual DNA bound single fluorophore molecule positions, corresponding to about one position per nucleosome. Intensity profile analyses of the intranuclear DNA distributions indicated sharp transitions between high-density domains and low-density compartments, with differences up to almost two orders of magnitude; compacted regions had a minimum diameter down to ca. 50 nm diameter. In contrast to these results, conventional resolution imaging of the same nuclear sites indicated only small differences in the compaction of different regions, combined with very smooth density transitions. Taken together, the quantitative compaction estimates support models of a nuclear organization based on highly compartmentalized chromatin nanostructures3.