Integrated Calendar

Creation of reconfigurable and multi-functional materials can be achieved by incorporating architecture into material design. In our research, we design and fabricate three-dimensional (3D) nano-architected materials that can exhibit superior and often tunable thermal, photonic, electrochemical, biochemical, and mechanical properties at extremely low mass densities (lighter than aerogels), which renders them useful and enabling in technological applications. Dominant properties of such meta-materials are driven by their multi-scale nature: from characteristic material microstructure (atoms) to individual constituents (nanometers) to structural components (microns) to overall architectures (millimeters and above).
Our research is focused on fabrication and synthesis of nano- and micro-architected materials using 3D lithography, nanofabrication, and additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, as well as on investigating their mechanical, biochemical, electrochemical, electromechanical, and thermal properties as a function of architecture, constituent materials, and microstructural detail. Additive manufacturing (AM) represents a set of processes that fabricate complex 3D structures using a layer-by-layer approach, with some advanced methods attaining nanometer resolution and the creation of unique, multifunctional materials and shapes derived from a photoinitiation-based chemical reaction of custom-synthesized resins and thermal post-processing. A type of AM, vat polymerization, has allowed for using hydrogels as precursors, and exploiting novel material properties, especially those that arise at the nano-scale and do not occur in conventional materials. The focus of this talk is on additive manufacturing via vat polymerization and function-containing chemical synthesis to create 3D nano- and micro-architected metals, ceramics, multifunctional metal oxides (nano-photonics, photocatalytic, piezoelectric, etc.), and metal-containing polymer complexes, etc., as well as demonstrate their potential in some real-use biomedical, protective, and sensing applications. I will describe how the choice of architecture, material, and external stimulus can elicit stimulus-responsive, reconfigurable, and multifunctional response

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The two natural allotropes of carbon, diamond and graphite, are extended networks of sp3- and sp2-
hybridized carbon atoms, respectively. By mixing different hybridizations and geometries of carbon, one
could conceptually construct countless synthetic allotropes. In this talk, I will introduce graphullerene, a
new two-dimensional superatomic allotrope of carbon combining three- and four-coordinate carbon
atoms. The constituent subunits of graphullerene are C60 fullerenes that are covalently interconnected
within a molecular layer, forming graphene-like hexagonal sheets. The most remarkable thing about the
synthesis of graphullerene is that the solid-state reaction produces large polyhedral crystals (hundreds of
micrometers in lateral dimensions), rather than an amorphous or microcrystalline powder as one would
typically expect from polymerization chemistry.
Similar to graphite, the crystals can be mechanically exfoliated to produce molecularly thin flakes with
clean interfaces—a critical requirement for the creation of heterostructures and optoelectronic devices.
We find that polymerizing the fullerenes leads to a large change in the electronic structure of C60 and the
vibrational scattering mechanisms affecting thermal transport. Furthermore, imaging few-layer
graphullerene flakes using transmission electron microscopy and near-field nano-photoluminescence
spectroscopy reveals the existence of moiré-like superlattices.
The discovery of a superatomic cousin of graphene demonstrates that there is an entire family of
higher and lower dimensional forms of carbon that may be chemically prepared from molecular
precursors.

The need for affordable large scale energy storage has risen dramatically with the increase in usage of renewable energy sources. In recent years, beyond Li batteries such as Na ion batteries (SIB), gained much interest due to limited Lithium resources. However, SIBs are still far from meeting the demands in terms of electrochemical performance, rendering research on SIBs very important.
During battery cycling, chemical and electrochemical processes result in the formation of an interphase between the anode and electrolyte called the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The effect of the SEI on electrochemical performance cannot be overstated, as its composition and structure dictate interfacial ionic transport in the battery cell. Since the SEI is very thin (10-50 nm) and is composed of disordered, organic, and inorganic phases it is extremely difficult to characterize at the atomic-molecular level.
In this seminar I will present methodology developed for probing the native SEI formed in SIBs by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and signal enhanced NMR by exogenous and endogenous dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). Employing these techniques enabled us to gain information on the chemical composition of the SEI together with important insights into the SEI’s structural gradient formed with different Na electrolytes. Correlating the compositional and structural information acquired with the SEI’s function can assist in designing SIBs with improved performance and longer lifetime.