Integrated Calendar

We disclose an implementation of RT-bolometers which comprise high chemical-energy materials, e.g. explosive or catalase, H2O2}-system, that can be operated at temperature between 4oC and room temperature (RT). Energy deposited by the incident weakly interacting particle to the nuclei can trigger a local release of chemical energy;. The energy release in such a `nano-explosion’ indicates that a coherent scattering event has taken place and allows for the localization of this event;
For DM detection {catalase, H2O2}-system is preferred, and there are many catalases, which have maximum activity at temperatures from about 10oC to about 90oC. This permits to optimize enzymatic reactions and influences the read-out design. {catalase, H2O2}-system works because the range of recoiling nuclei is so short that most of the energy is transferred in a single “voxel” called “vertex”, leading to a large local temperature increase.
When neutrino or WIMPs scatter on nuclei, the majority of the recoil nucleus energy is transferred to the lattice, which leads to the creation of ballistic phonons which rapidly thermalize, i.e. increase the temperature in vertex. For 5 GeV/c2 < MDM < 15 GeV/c2 the energy of the recoiling nuclei is 0.5-2.0 keV and all this energy is deposited within a few nm. Thus, the dE/dx = O(0.1 keV/nm) is deposited in the vertex. The energy deposition is much smaller in the case of single charged, relativistic particles and corresponds to dE/dx < 1 eV/nm for single charged particles. These permits background rejection.
We developed a very efficient read-out for such detectors. The expected detector cost is low, ca. $50,000 per ton. The deployment will be deep underwater, say at Marina Trench at depth of 11 km. Optionally, such a detector can be used as a “spaghetti detector” and placed in very deep bore-holes down to 20 km water equivalent.
Similar detectors can be used for Emission Geo-Neutrino Tomography aka Neutrino Geology.

Individuals within the same population may show stereotyped behaviors, but also unique behaviors that distinguish them from each other, a property called individuality. While individuality in behavior is widespread across species, including humans, the underlying mechanisms that generate individual-to-individual behavioral variation remain largely unknown. In my talk, I will present a newly developed imaging system for studying long-term individuality in C. elegans by monitoring the behavior of multiple individual animals across development, from egg hatching to adulthood, spanning a full generation time. I will show that while C. elegans animals have reproducible patterns of long-term behaviors, individuals within isogenic populations show consistent behavioral biases that persist across development and distinguish them from one another. I will further describe the conserved signaling pathways I uncovered that function to regulate long-term behavior, as well as to increase or decrease the degree of individuality across the population. These studies open a new window for dissecting mechanisms that generate and shape behavioral individuality across developmental timescales.​

Ranny Budnik
"Exploring the dark side with bright, pure crystals“
Dark matter surrounds us and passes through us, yet it has not been discovered, after over a decade of intense efforts. However, many "windows" to dark matter parameter space remain closed, and opening them has become a leading target for the particle cosmology community. I will go quickly through the basics of dark matter, detection methods and recent results, and present an effort we are pursuing in our lab at the Weizmann Institute, to develop a new type of detector, able to detect low mass dark matter, using rare defects in pure crystals.

Oren Raz
"Anomalous thermal relaxation: from your kitchen to trapped ions“

Take a cold system, and couple it to a hot environment. Evidently, the system will heat up. Surprisingly, many aspects of this common process are poorly understood. Examples range from the anomalous heating rate in trapped ions, where the observed heating rate is commonly three orders of magnitude higher than naively expected, to a "thermal overshoot" where the system's temperature, during the relaxation process, becomes higher than the environment's temperature.

Binghai Yan

“The history and new understanding of surface states”

"A story about the electronic state on the surface, from the Shockley state to the topological state."