לוח שנה משולב

despite hundreds of searches for physics beyond the standard model (BSM),
and hundreds of person years invested, no confirmed deviation from the standard model (SM) has been observed. Yet, the LHC data is far from being fully explored and BSM physics could be easily hidden in the already collected data. This calls for the development of new search approaches and methods. The Data Directed Paradigm (DDP) presented in this talk is one possible approach. While the DDP can be implemented exploiting different properties of the SM, here we discuss its implementation for symmetries of the SM and demonstrate its performance relative to traditional searches for lepton flavor violation and lepton non universality.

Somitogenesis, the segmentation of the antero-posterior axis in vertebrates, is thought to result from the interactions between a genetic oscillator and a posterior-moving determination wavefront. I will introduce the current state of knowledge of that important stage in the development of vertebrate embryos. Surprisingly while the oscillator period is very sensitive to temperature changes, the size of the segments is not.
I shall describe our results pertaining to the importance of the decrease in time of the Fgf8 gradient on the propagation of the wavefront and the observation that the somitogenetic period, embryo growth rate, PSM shortening rate and Fgf8 decay rate all slow down as 1/(T-Tc) with Tc=14.4°C, suggesting that critical slowing may affect the embryo metabolism resulting in a natural compensation of thermal effects on somite size.

Aromatic dichalcogenides exhibits a rich reductive and oxidative redox chemistry and the
one and two electron reductions and oxidations of such Ar2Ch2 species appears at rather
mild potentials. The successive 1e–-reductions often have very similar potentials as the
one electron process results in the formation of an odd-electron bond, which stabilizes the
radical anion, for example in hypothetical Ph2S2•− by about 30 kcal/mol.
Inspired by the natural dithiol/disulfide 2H+/2e− couple, we investigated a 2,2′-bipyridine
that is equipped with a disulfide/dithiolate unit in the backbone for storing multiple
electrons and protons.[2] The synchronized transfer of electrons and protons is a critical
step in many chemical and biological transformations. In particular, hydride and H atom
transfer reactions are important in, for example, catalytic hydrogenation or small molecule
activation reactions relevant to renewable energy storage. We examined in depth the
fundamental 2e–, 2e–/2H+ and 1e–/H+ reactivity of the switch depending on the metalation.
It appears that the Re compound overcomes the drawback of many metal-free hydride
donors, which show a large gap between the first and second reduction process, and
detrimental side reactions of the radical intermediate.
Furthermore, we applied such Ar2Se2 in the anodic amination and esterification of nonactivated
alkenes. Amination and esterfication reactions are of considerable importance
since C–N and C–O bond motifs can be found in numerous organic compounds
associated with biological, pharmaceutical, or material scientific applications. We
developed versatile protocols for the electrochemical functionalization and a detailed
kinetic and thermodynamic analysis gave valuable insights into the mechanism of the
reaction as well as the impact of, e.g. solvent, additives, on the organocatalysis.

Type Ia supernovae are fundamental phenomena in nature. They are one of the leading
distributors of heavy chemical elements and, in some cases, important production sites (e.g., iron). Type Ia supernovae are very homogenous and bright, allowing their distance to be measured on cosmological scales.
In recent years, measurements of Type Ia supernovae have led to the discovery that the universe's expansion is
accelerating, suggesting the existence of dark energy. Type Ia supernovae are likely thermonuclear explosions
of white-dwarf stars, which are sufficiently dense to allow explosive thermonuclear burning if adequately ignited. However, a robust comparison of theoretical scenarios for the progenitor systems to observations is challenging due to the inability to accurately calculate the dynamics of the explosion and the emitted radiation. We have developed novel observational and numerical methods by exploiting the physical principles behind Type Ia supernovae. The new observational techniques allow the derivation of a specific luminosity-width correlation that does not require radiation transfer calculations for comparison. The new numerical methods allow for the first time to calculate this luminosity-width correlation with a percent accuracy for multidimensional
progenitor scenarios with current computational facilities. We show that all known Type Ia supernova models fail to
reproduce the observed luminosity-width correlation.