לוח שנה משולב

Quantum phase transitions (QPTs) are structural changes in the properties of a physical system induced by a variation of parameters in the quantum Hamiltonian. In the present talk, we examine the order and chaos and persisting symmetries, accompanying a first-order QPT in nuclei. The Hamiltonian employed describes a QPT between spherical and deformed shapes, associated with U(5) and SU(3) dynamical symmetries, respectively. A classical analysis reveals a rich but simply-divided phase space structure with a Henon-Heiles type of chaotic dynamics ascribed to the spherical minimum, coexisting with a robustly regular dynamics ascribed to the deformed minimum in the Landau potential. A quantum analysis discloses regular U(5)-like multiplets in the spherical region and regular SU(3)-like rotational bands in the deformed region, which retain their identity amidst a complicated environment of other states. A symmetry analysis shows that these regular subsets of states, are associated with partial U(5) dynamical symmetry (PDS) and SU(3) quasi-dynamical symmetry (QDS),
respectively.

Molecular anions are of fundamental importance and ubiquitous in many chemical, physical and biological environments. The chemical and physical properties of anions are very different from their neutral or cationic counterparts making them interesting species to study and characterize. While it is straightforward to assert that excited states of the anion play a crucial role in the electron accepting capabilities of the neutral molecules, electronically stable excited states of anions are thought to be scarce at best.

Following an overview of the special characteristic of molecular anions, we shall present our study of the electronically bound spectrum of the anion. Much like the neutral fullerene, the anion possesses certain unique properties which have attracted a great deal of research. One of these special properties, only recently fully uncovered, is that the anion supports a substantial number of electronically stable excited states in contrast to other molecular anions with comparable electron affinity. In this work, we clarify how the anion can support so many stable states by analyzing the radial and angular distributions of the excess electron bound to the anion. The analysis is based on ab initio calculations which are by far the most accurate on the anion to date. Surprisingly, the radial distributions are highly similar for states of very different binding energies and the analysis stresses the importance of angular correlation in binding the excess electron.

We further analyze the effect of the single excess electron on the electrons of the underlying neutral molecule. We demonstrate how this substantially modifies the actual distribution of the excess charge by shifting the underlying electron density. Finally, the effect of the perturbation of the anionic states in the presence of incarcerated atoms within the carbon shell is analyzed and discussed.

The ability of the brain to processes and adapt multiple sources of information dynamically, underlies its adept capacity for perception, decision making and action. In this talk, I shall present recent findings of multisensory (visual-vestibular) calibration in behaving monkeys and its neural correlate. Two mechanisms of multisensory calibration were found: i) in the absence of external feedback, “unsupervised” calibration reduces cue conflict by shifting the cues towards one another, and ii) “supervised” calibration reduces conflict with external feedback, by shifting the cues together, in the same direction. Strikingly, supervised calibration can cause an initially accurate cue to shift away from feedback, becoming less accurate. A computational model in which supervised and unsupervised calibration work in parallel, where the former only relies on the multisensory percept, but the latter calibrates cues individually, accounts for the observed behavior. Intriguingly, multisensory tuning curves in the ventral intraparietal (VIP) area shift together with behavioral calibration. While unsupervised calibration likely represents an implicit shift in perception, supervised calibration may incorporate higher level, more explicit, control of multisensory processing.