לוח שנה משולב

Impact crater are useful tools to study planetary surfaces. First, they are natural drills into planetary crusts. I will present a combination of studies of the martian crust by the analyses of the composition of central peaks of martian impact craters. These results are part of an ERC project eMars dedicated to the geological evolution of Mars. As part of this project too, a martian data processing application has been built allowing the teleprocessing of imagery data, topographic data and hypespectral data from the 4 last martian orbiters dedicated to the surface of Mars. Secondly, impact crater statistics have recorded both bombardment and the complex geological evolution of a planetary surfaces. I will present how martian crater statistics allow to decipher the climatic evolution of the planet

The conventional bioprobe design has been carried out by so-called hypothesis-driven approach. The basic assumption of hypothesis-driven approach is that the scientist “knows the target” in advance, and then design the recognition motif for it. An alternative approach is diversity-driven approach, in which a broad range of fluorescence molecules in a library format are constructed by combinatorial chemistry, as a tool box for unbiased screening. Among several diversity sources, “Diversity Oriented Fluorescence Library Approach (DOFLA)” using fluorophore core with diverse recognition motives around has been the most fruitful in novel bioprobe generations. Using DOFLA, various colorful sensors for many different analytes and bioimaing probes from stem cells to neuron cells will be demonstrated. Whole body animal imaging will also be presented using NIR range of probes.

The performance of self-assembled systems in functional organic materials with electronic or bioactive properties critically depends on the organization and dynamics of the molecular building blocks. Understanding the self-assembly pathways involved in the formation of these supramolecular materials is essential. Although studies under thermodynamic and kinetic control have been performed, quantitative insight into the self-assembly pathways of these structures is lacking. Recent studies on the growth of protein fibrils introduced the concept of pathway complexity extending the traditional concepts of homogeneous and secondary nucleation events in single pathway assemblies. We will discuss crucial steps in the quantitative understanding of pathway complexity in synthetic homogeneous supramolecular polymerizations using chirality as an experimental tool. By obtaining these kinetic parameters, it is now possible to disclose hidden pathways during supramolecular polymerization processes. In the presentation, we show that the chemical self-assembly of chiral π-conjugated oligomers, operates via a nucleation – elongation pathway and hence is highly cooperative. As a result the solvent plays an essential role in the chemical self-assembly and strong evidence is found that the alkane solvents are co-organized with the oligomeric stack. These results are also of crucial importance for the discussion whether the chemical self-assembly creates the thermodynamically determined product or that is possible to form kinetically trapped structures as well. With this knowledge we will show some new functional supramolecular materials.