לוח שנה משולב

In the present seminar, I will introduce how the flat bands in the magic angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) can be understood from the zeroth Landau levels under the twisting generated pseudo magnetic field. These pseudo Landau level wave functions are almost the exact Eigen solutions of the real space Hamiltonian around the AA stacking center and can be further viewed as the analog of the “atomic core level” states in the band structure calculations for the ordinary crystals. In addition, we can use the pseudo zeroth Landau level (PZLL) and the “orthogonalised plane waves” (OPW) made from the PZLL as the two types of basis functions to efficiently reconstruct the entire Moire band structure. Using these PZLL and OPW basis functions, we can describe both the localised and itinerant components in the Moire bands of MATBG and map the MATBG to a “heavy fermion” like system, which can be used to study the orbital magnetism, topology and strongly correlation physics in MATBG.

Heterostructures (HS) of two-dimensional materials offer unlimited possibilities to design new materials for applications to optoelectronics and photonics. In such HS the electronic structure of the individual layers is well retained because of the weak interlayer van der Waals coupling. Nevertheless, new physical properties and functionalities arise beyond those of their constituent blocks, depending on the type and the stacking sequence of layers. In this presentation we use high time resolution ultrafast transient absorption (TA) and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) to resolve the interlayer charge scattering processes in HS.
We first study a WSe2/MoSe2 HS, which displays type II band alignment with a staggered gap, where the valence band maximum and the conduction band minimum are in the same layer. By two-colour pump-probe spectroscopy, we selectively photogenerate intralayer excitons in MoSe2 and observe hole injection in WSe2 on the sub-picosecond timescale, leading to the formation of interlayer excitons (ILX). The temperature dependence of the build-up and decay of interlayer excitons provide insights into the layer coupling mechanisms [1]. By tuning into the ILX emission band, we observe a signal which grows in on a 400 fs timescale, significantly slower than the interlayer charge transfer process. This suggests that photoexcited carriers are not instantaneously converted into the ILX following interlayer scattering, but that rather an intermediate scattering processes take place We then perform 2DES, a method with both high frequency and temporal resolution, on a large-area WS2/MoS2 HS where we unambiguously time resolve both interlayer hole and electron transfer with 34 ± 14 and 69 ± 9 fs time constants, respectively [2]. We simultaneously resolve additional optoelectronic processes including band gap renormalization and intralayer exciton coupling.
Finally, we investigate a graphene/WS2 HS where, for excitation well below the bandgap of WS2, we observe the characteristic signal of the A and B excitons of WS2, indicating ultrafast charge transfer from graphene to the semiconductor [3]. The nonlinear excitation fluence dependence of the TA signal reveals that the underlying mechanism is hot electron/hole transfer, whereby a tail the hot Fermi-Dirac carrier distribution in graphene tunnels through the Schottky barrier. Hot electron transfer is promising for the development of broadband and efficient low-dimensional photodetectors.

[1] Z. Wang et al., Nano Lett. 21, 2165–2173 (2021).
[2] V. Policht et al., Nano Lett. 21, 4738–4743 (2021).
[3] C. Trovatello et al., npj 2D Mater Appl 6, 24 (2022).

Many cognitive computations rely on the nervous system estimating mathematical vectors, but aside from computer models, how brains represent vectors or perform vector operations remains unknown. In this talk, I will describe how the fly brain performs vector arithmetic in the context of spatial navigation. The central features of this vector calculator inside the insect brain may generalize to other nervous systems and other cognitive domains beyond navigation where vector operations are required.