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I will discuss two studies from my laboratory, that reveal differential role of hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic oxytocin neurons, as well as anterior hypothalamic neurons in social decision making of adult male mice.
Zoom link to join:
https://weizmann.zoom.us/j/96608033618?pwd=SEdJUkR2ZzRBZ3laUUdGbWR1VFJTdz09

Meeting ID: 966 0803 3618
Password: 564068


Host: Dr. Rita Schmidt rita.schmidt@weizmann.ac.il tel: 9070

Abstract: The present seminar will review our work in 1H LF NMR energy relaxation time technology and its application in chemical and morphological characterization and monitoring of oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) found in many important commercial products such as edible oils, foods, and biological systems. PUFA’s aggregates are related simultaneously with material’s functionality and degradation. The multiple double bonds and allylic carbons characteristics of the PUFA’s molecular structure are responsible for its oxidation susceptibility and can result in the degrade of the product’s functionality and formation of toxic substances. Wherein individual PUFA molecules have specific structures their material functionality and stability against oxidation are strongly depended on their aggregate structures such as in oils or within aqueous emulsions and specific arrangements within these structures with other components such as antioxidants is an important material parameter.
The oxidation degree of PUFA’s rich materials can be measured via different methods such as volumetric, spectroscopic and chromatographic technologies. The traditional technologies based on titrimetric techniques have many drawbacks. These methods need strict time regimes during individual stages of analyzes, control of the intensity of the agitation and control of reaction components including light and atmospheric oxygen exposure. Other disadvantage of these traditional methodologies is the requirement of a large amount of solvents, being environmental unfriendly. In order to overcome the disadvantages of the traditional technologies used to monitor oxidation we are suggesting the use 1H LF NMR relaxation. This technology does not require organic solvents, complex samples preparation and the sample is preserved after analysis. The 1H LF NMR generates 2D T1 (spin-lattice) vs. T2 (spin-spin) energy relaxation time domain that is able together with self-diffusion test to characterize chemical and morphologically complex aggregate materials such as PUFA in liquid or solid assembly or in presence of interfacial forces of water. In addition, these spectra can efficiently monitor oxidation and assess antioxidants efficacy.
We demonstrate the work we have done to date on the 1H LF NMR data processing optimization and the application of this technology in the characterization and monitoring of oxidation on oils on fatty acids saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated. This sensor application is of relevant contributions for diverse fields such as food industries, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and biofuels.
The seminar is divided into three parts:
a) Optimization of the ILT data processing technology of 1H LF NMR energy relaxation time. This study showed the efficiency of the regularization parameters for data reconstruction, and a relative high accuracy of the primal dual convex objectives (PDCO) solutions in comparison to the graphic results of real data.
b) Developing of intelligent NMR relaxation sensor applications of fatty acids (FA) with saturated chains, MUFA and PUFA-rich oils for their chemical and physical/morphological characterization and monitoring of their autoxidation. Detailed fingerprinting chemical and morphological maps
were generated for saturated FAs, MUFAs, PUFAs and their oxidation polymerized final products. It was possible to propose peak assignments to the various spin-lattice (T1) and spin –spin (T2) energy relaxation time proton populations (TD) based on the molecular segmental motions of the different fatty acids chemical and structural segments (e.g., glycerol; double bonds; aliphatic chains; and tails) to generate an explicatory dictionary of T1 and T2 values with chemical and physical/morphological structures and their changes due to oxidation.
c) Developing of intelligent 1H LF NMR energy relaxation time domain sensor application for PUFA-rich oil-in-water emulsions characterization and monitoring autoxidation. Emulsions based on linseeds, very rich in α-linolenic acid PUFA (18:3) and structural oleosin protein and other emulsification agents naturally producing nano-scale oxidation stable oil bodies, were formed from linseed in water. The linseed emulsions enriched with PUFA-rich fish oil were analyzed under thermal oxidation conditions, using 1H LF NMR T1-T2 energy relaxation time reconstruction for determining the oil bodies composition and structure and oxidative stability.

Diamonds are perfect boxes for delivering samples of fluids and volatile species from the mantle to the surface. While mineral inclusions are often a few >30 micrometer in size and allow easy analysis, fluid inclusions are mostly

Diffusion weighted MRI (DWI) is the main neuroimaging modality used in non-invasive investigations of tissue microstructure, and provides quantitative cytomorphological information on a spatial scale well below the nominal resolution of MRI. The main limitation of DWI is its lack of compartmental specificity, as its “reporter molecule” is water, ubiquitous in all tissue compartments and cell types. Brain metabolites are mostly confined to the intracellular space, and their concentrations vary across cell types. Several metabolites give rise to quantifiable magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) signatures, and are thus considered as compartment-specific and sometimes cell-specific markers. Sensitization of MRS to diffusion results in a set of diffusion properties for a variety of intracellular metabolites, from which microstructural information specific to the intracellular space can be obtained. A proper choice of experimental settings can be used to investigate properties that range from cytoplasmic viscosity and tortuosity of the intracellular space, to overall cell morphological features. The specificity of some metabolites to different cell types such as neurons and astrocytes opens the way to studying morphological properties of different cell populations and monitoring their modulation by physiological changes in health and disease.
The presentation will introduce methodological concepts of diffusion-weighted MRS, followed by simple examples that demonstrate the unique ability of diffusion-weighted MRS to characterize cell-type specific structural features. Special emphasis will be bestowed on experimental and modelling frameworks that merge the specificity of diffusion-weighted MRS with the sensitivity of DWI to gain insights on tissue microstructure beyond what each method can separately provide.

Zoom link to join:https://weizmann.zoom.us/j/96608033618?pwd=SEdJUkR2ZzRBZ3laUUdGbWR1VFJTdz09
Meeting ID: 966 0803 3618
Password: 564068

Host: Dr. Rita Schmidt rita.schmidt@weizmann.ac.il tel: 9070

In this seminar, I will consider the possibility that the totality of dark matter consists of atomic-size black holes of primordial origin. I will review the basics of this proposal, and I will discuss some key questions yet unsolved.