לוח שנה משולב

Spin based properties, applications, and devices are commonly related to magnetic effects and to magnetic materials. However, we established that chiral organic molecules can act as spin filter for photoelectrons transmission, in electron transfer, and in electron transport. The new effect termed Chiral Induced Spin Selectivity (CISS) has interesting implications on the production of new type of spintronics devices and on electron transfer in biological systems.
Results from several recent experiments, demonstrating the CISS effect, will be presented as well as devices based upon.

Models for the origin of life and early evolution on Earth cannot rely on fossils as biological evolution proper does. Plausibility replaces evidence, and what is plausible or implausible depends on the reference chosen. Pioneered by Sol Spiegelman and Manfred Eigen in the nineteen seventieth, experimental and theoretical models for evolution under controlled conditions became available. Within the last forty years the origin-of-life puzzle was not solved but the models have reached such a degree of perfection that they give direct insight into the molecular mechanisms of Darwinian selection. Epigenetic mechanisms of inheritance being just another way of transmitting inheritable information can be incorporated straightforwardly. Molecular models are directly applied to evolution of viroids, viruses, and bacteria, and open questions like the role of contingency in evolution can be answered for these systems.
Shneior Lifson contributed one essential idea to primitive evolution – the selective advantage of systems that can make use of their degradation products or sequels in a way that might today be called recycling.
In the lecture the state of the art in modeling primitive evolution and selection on the basis of molecular biology, chemistry and physics will be review. We shall refer in particular to the present knowledge on the prerequisites for designing molecular replicators. Eventually, the current situation in collecting raw data on evolution and processing them in order to make them suitable for application will be discussed.

Chemical shift imaging is commonly used for spatial localization in the 3D spatial-1D spectral proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging experiment despite suffering from intrinsic losses in signal-to-noise ratio and localization due to its sinc-shaped point-spread-function. These losses are exacerbated at low resolutions and cannot be corrected without cost.

In this talk I will describe an alternative spatial encoding method, three-dimensional transverse Hadamard spectroscopic imaging, that overcomes these limitations. I will show spectra from phantom and human brain experiments that were acquired with the new sequence and discuss the potential of the method for spectroscopic imaging at clinical (1.5, 3T) and ultra high (7T) fields.